Appendix EU

Appendix EU: EU citizens and family members

Purpose

EU1. This Appendix sets out the basis on which an EU citizen and their family members, and the family members of a qualifying British citizen, will, if they apply under it, be granted indefinite leave to remain or limited leave to remain.

Requirements and procedure

EU2. The applicant will be granted indefinite leave to remain where:
1. · A valid application has been made in accordance with paragraph EU9;
2. · The applicant meets the eligibility requirements for indefinite leave to remain in accordance with paragraph EU11 or EU12; and
3. · The applicant is not to be refused on grounds of suitability in accordance with paragraph EU15 or EU16.

EU3. The applicant will be granted five years’ limited leave to remain where:
1. · A valid application has been made in accordance with paragraph EU9;
2. · The applicant does not meet the eligibility requirements for indefinite leave to remain in accordance with paragraph EU11 or EU12, but meets the eligibility requirements for limited leave to remain in accordance with paragraph EU14; and
3. · The applicant is not to be refused on grounds of suitability in accordance with paragraph EU15 or EU16.

EU4. Where a person has been granted limited leave to remain under this Appendix:
1. · They must continue to meet the eligibility requirements for that leave which they met at the date of application (unless that leave was granted on the basis that they were a child, dependent parent or dependent relative) or meet other eligibility requirements for limited leave to remain in accordance with paragraph EU14; and
2. · They remain able to apply for indefinite leave to remain under this Appendix and will be granted this where the requirements in paragraph EU2 are met.

EU5. Where a person has been granted indefinite leave to remain or limited leave to remain under this Appendix and that person also has a right to reside under the EEA Regulations, the leave does not have effect to the person’s detriment in so far as the leave is incompatible with that right to reside for as long as that person has that right.

EU6. A valid application made under this Appendix which does not meet the requirements for indefinite leave to remain or limited leave to remain will be refused.

EU7. Annex 1 sets out definitions which apply to this Appendix. Any provision made elsewhere in the Immigration Rules for those terms, or for other matters for which this Appendix makes provision, does not apply to an application made under this Appendix.

EU8. Annex 2 applies to the consideration by the decision-maker of a valid application made under this Appendix.

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Valid application

EU9. A valid application has been made under this Appendix where:
1. (a) It has been made in the UK using the required application process;
2. (b) Any required fee has been paid in full in accordance with the required application process;
3. (c) The required proof of identity and nationality has been provided;
4. (d) The required biometrics have been provided.

EU10. An application will be rejected as invalid where it does not meet the requirements in paragraph EU9.

Eligibility for indefinite leave to remain

Persons eligible for indefinite leave to remain as a relevant EU citizen or their family member

EU11. The applicant meets the eligibility requirements for indefinite leave to remain as a relevant EU citizen or their family member where the decision-maker is satisfied, including (where applicable) by the required evidence of family relationship, that, at the date of application, one of conditions 1 to 7 set out in the following table is met:

Condition	Is met where:
1.	(a) The applicant is (i) a relevant EU citizen, (ii) a family member of a relevant EU citizen or (iii) a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a relevant EU citizen; and (b) The applicant has a documented right of permanent residence; and (c) No supervening event has occurred
2.	(a) The applicant is (i) a relevant EU citizen, (ii) a family member of a relevant EU citizen or (iii) a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a relevant EU citizen; and (b) There is valid evidence of their indefinite leave to enter or remain
3.	(a) The applicant is (i) a relevant EU citizen, (ii) a family member of a relevant EU citizen or (iii) a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a relevant EU citizen; and (b) The applicant has completed a continuous qualifying period of five years in any (or any combination) of those categories; and (c) Since then no supervening event has occurred
4.	(a) The applicant is a relevant EU citizen who is a person who has ceased activity; and (b) Since they did so, no supervening event has occurred
5.	(a) The applicant is a family member of a relevant EU citizen who is a person who has ceased activity; and (b) The relevant EU citizen has been or is being granted indefinite leave to remain under this Appendix (or would be granted that leave, if they made a valid application under this Appendix); and (c) Sub-paragraph (a) was met at the point at which the relevant EU citizen became a person who has ceased activity; and (d) Since the relevant EU citizen became a person who has ceased activity, no supervening event has occurred
6.	(a) The applicant is a family member of a relevant EU citizen who has died and the relevant EU citizen was resident in the UK as a worker or self-employed person at the time of their death; and (b) The relevant EU citizen was resident in the UK for a continuous qualifying period of at least two years before dying, or the death was the result of an accident at work or an occupational disease; and (c) The applicant was resident in the UK with the relevant EU citizen immediately before their death and since then no supervening event has occurred
7.	(a) The applicant is a child under the age of 21 years of a relevant EU citizen, or of theirspouse or civil partner, and either: (i) The marriage was contracted or the civil partnership was formed before the specified date; or (ii) The person who is now their spouse or civil partner was the durable partner of the relevant EU citizen before the specified date (the definition of durable partner in Annex 1 being met before that date rather than at the date of application) and the partnership remained durable at the specified date; and (b) The relevant EU citizen (or, as the case may be, their spouse or civil partner) has been or is being granted indefinite leave to remain under this Appendix (or, in the case of an Irish citizen who has not made a valid application under this Appendix, they would be granted that leave if they made such an application)

Persons eligible for indefinite leave to remain as a family member of a qualifying British citizen

EU12. The applicant meets the eligibility requirements for indefinite leave to remain as a family member of a qualifying British citizen, or as a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a qualifying British citizen, where the decision-maker is satisfied, including by the required evidence of family relationship, that, at the date of application, one of conditions 1 to 4 set out in the following table is met:

Condition	Is met where:
1.	(a) The applicant is (i) a family member of a qualifying British citizen or (ii) a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a qualifying British citizen; and (b) The applicant has a documented right of permanent residence; and (c) No supervening event has occurred
2.	(a) The applicant is (i) a family member of a qualifying British citizen or (ii) a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a qualifying British citizen; and (b) There is valid evidence of their indefinite leave to enter or remain
3.	(a) The applicant is (i) a family member of a qualifying British citizen or (ii) a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a qualifying British citizen; and (b) The applicant has completed a continuous qualifying period of five years in either (or any combination) of those categories; and (c) The applicant was, for any period of residence as a family member of a qualifying British citizen relied upon under sub-paragraph (b), in the UK lawfully by virtue of regulation 9(1) to (6) of the EEA Regulations (regardless of whether in the UK the qualifying British citizen was a qualified person under regulation 6); and (d) Since completing the continuous qualifying period of five years, no supervening event has occurred
4.	(a) The applicant is a child under the age of 21 years of the spouse or civil partner of the qualifying British citizen (and the marriage or civil partnership was formed before the specified date); and (b) The applicant is in the UK lawfully by virtue of regulation 9(1) to (6) of the EEA Regulations (regardless of whether in the UK the qualifying British citizen is a qualified person under regulation 6); and (c) The spouse or civil partner has been or is being granted indefinite leave to remain under this Appendix

EU13.(1) Where an applicant meets condition 1 in the table in paragraph EU12, the applicant is deemed also to meet condition 1 in the table in paragraph EU11.
1. (2) Where an applicant meets condition 2 in the table in paragraph EU12, the applicant is deemed also to meet condition 2 in the table in paragraph EU11.
2. (3) The reference to the applicant completing a continuous qualifying period of five years:
  1. · In condition 3 in the table in paragraph EU12 can include a period (or combination of periods) during which the applicant was a relevant EU citizen, a family member of a relevant EU citizen or a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a relevant EU citizen before becoming the family member of a qualifying British citizen; and
  2. · In condition 3 in the table in paragraph EU11 can include a period during which the applicant was a family member of a qualifying British citizen or a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a qualifying British citizen before becoming (as the case may be) a relevant EU citizen, a family member of a relevant EU citizen or a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a relevant EU citizen.

Eligibility for limited leave to remain

EU14. The applicant meets the eligibility requirements for limited leave to remain where the decision-maker is satisfied, including (where applicable) by the required evidence of family relationship, that, at the date of application, condition 1 or 2 set out in the following table is met:

Condition	Is met where:
1.	(a) The applicant is (i) a relevant EU citizen, (ii) a family member of a relevant EU citizen or (iii) a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a relevant EU citizen; and (b) The applicant is not eligible for indefinite leave to remain under this Appendix solely because they have completed a continuous qualifying period of less than five years
2.	A or B applies:
A.	(a) The applicant is (i) a family member of a qualifying British citizen and is in the UK lawfully by virtue of regulation 9(1) to (6) of the EEA Regulations (regardless of whether in the UK the qualifying British citizen is a qualified person under regulation 6), or (ii) a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a qualifying British citizen; and (b) In either case, the applicant is not eligible for indefinite leave to remain under this Appendix solely because they have completed a continuous qualifying period of less than five years
B.	(a) The applicant is a child under the age of 21 years of the spouse or civil partner of the qualifying British citizen (and the marriage or civil partnership was formed before the specified date); and (b) The applicant is in the UK lawfully by virtue of regulation 9(1) to (6) of the EEA Regulations (regardless of whether in the UK the qualifying British citizen is a qualified person under regulation 6); and (c) The spouse or civil partner has been or is being granted limited leave to remain under this Appendix

Suitability

EU15. An application made under this Appendix will be refused on grounds of suitability where any of the following apply at the date of decision:
1. (a) The applicant is subject to a deportation order or to a decision to make a deportation order; or
2. (b) The applicant is subject to an exclusion order or exclusion decision.

EU16. An application made under this Appendix may be refused on grounds of suitability where, at the date of decision, the decision-maker is satisfied that it is proportionate to refuse the application where:
1. (a) In relation to the application and whether or not to the applicant’s knowledge, false or misleading information, representations or documents have been submitted (including false or misleading information submitted to any person to obtain a document used in support of the application); and the information, representation or documentation is material to the decision whether or not to grant the applicant indefinite leave to remain or limited leave to remain under this Appendix; or
2. (b) The applicant is subject to a removal decision under the EEA Regulations on the grounds of their non-exercise or misuse of rights under Directive 2004/38/EC.

EU17. The references in paragraphs EU15 and EU16 to an order or decision to which the applicant is subject do not include an order or decision which, at the date of decision on their application under this Appendix, has been set aside or no longer has effect in respect of the applicant.

Annex 1 – Definitions

Term	Definition
adopted child	a child adopted in accordance with a decision taken by the competent administrative authority or court in the UK or in a country whose adoption orders are recognised by the UK, or in a particular case in which that decision in another country has been recognised in the UK as an adoption
child	(a) the direct descendant under the age of 21 years of a relevant EU citizen (or of a qualifying British citizen) or of their spouse or civil partner; or (b) the direct descendant aged 21 years or over of a relevant EU citizen (or of a qualifying British citizen) or of their spouse or civil partner and dependent on the relevant EU citizen (or on the qualifying British citizen) or on their spouse or civil partner ‘dependent’ means here that: (a) having regard to their financial and social conditions, or health, the applicant cannot, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period could not, meet their essential living needs (in whole or in part) without the financial or other material support of the relevant EU citizen (or of the qualifying British citizen) or of their spouse or civil partner; and (b) such support is, or (as the case may be) was, being provided to the applicant by the relevant EU citizen (or by the qualifying British citizen) or by their spouse or civil partner; and (c) where the applicant was aged 21 years or over when they came to the UK to join the relevant EU citizen or their spouse or civil partner, the need for such support existed in the applicant’s state of origin or in the state from which they came to the UK, but there is no need to determine the reasons for that dependence or for the recourse to that support in addition: (a) ‘child’ includes: (i) an adopted child of; or (ii) a child born through surrogacy (where recognised in UK law) for; or (iii) a child in respect of whom a special guardianship order (within the meaning of section 14A(1) of the Children Act 1989) is in force appointing as their special guardian; or (iv) a child in respect of whom an order has been made under section 5 of the Children Act 1989 appointing as their guardian; or (v) a child subject to a permanence order made under section 80 of the Adoption and Children (Scotland) Act 2007 vesting parental responsibilities and parental rights in a person who is; or (vi) a child who has a guardian appointed under section 7 of the Children (Scotland) Act 1995, or who is living with a person pursuant to an order made under section 11 of that Act, and that guardian or other person is; or (vii) a child in respect of whom an order has been made under Article 159 of the Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995, or in respect of whom an appointment has been made under Article 160 of that Order, appointing as their guardian a person who is, (as the case may be) a relevant EU citizen (or a qualifying British citizen) or their spouse or civil partner, but ‘child’ does not include a child cared for by a relevant EU citizen (or by a qualifying British citizen) or their spouse or civil partner solely by virtue of a formal or informal fostering arrangement; and (b) ‘direct descendant’ also includes a grandchild or great-grandchild, other than for the purpose of meeting condition 7 in the table in paragraph EU11 of this Appendix or condition 2 in the table in paragraph EU12; and (c) ‘spouse or civil partner’ means (as the case may be) the person described in sub-paragraph (a)(i) of the entry for ‘family member of a qualifying British citizen’ or in sub-paragraph (a) of the entry for ‘family member of a relevant EU citizen’ in this table
civil partner	(a) the person is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, in a valid civil partnership (which exists or existed under or by virtue of the Civil Partnership Act 2004); or is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, in a same sex relationship registered overseas which is, or was, entitled to be treated as a civil partnership under that Act, with a relevant EU citizen (or with a qualifying British citizen); and (b) it is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, not a civil partnership of convenience; and (c) neither party has, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period had, another civil partner, a spouse or a durable partner with (in any of those circumstances) immigration status in the UK based on that person’s relationship with that party
continuous qualifying period	a period of residence in the UK: (a) which began before the specified date (or after that date where the person is a family member of a relevant EU citizen and was resident outside the UK at that date); and (b) during which none of the following occurred: (i) absence(s) from the UK which exceeded a total of six months in any 12-month period, except for: (aa) a single period of absence which did not exceed 12 months and was for an important reason (such as pregnancy, childbirth, serious illness, study, vocational training or an overseas posting); or (bb) any period of absence on compulsory military service; or (ii) the person served or is serving a sentence of imprisonment of any length in the UK; or (iii) any of the following, unless it has been set aside or no longer has effect in respect of the person: (aa) any decision or order to exclude or remove under regulation 23 or 32 of the EEA Regulations; or (bb) a decision to which regulation 15(4) of the EEA Regulations otherwise refers, unless that decision arose from a previous decision under regulation 24(1); or (cc) an exclusion decision; or (dd) a deportation order, other than under the EEA Regulations; and (c) (where the period is less than five years) which continues at the date of application
custody of a child	the child normally lives with the applicant or does so part of the time, and includes arrangements agreed informally and those which are subject to a court order for determining with whom the child is to live and when
date of application	the date on which the application is submitted under the required application process
decision-maker	the Secretary of State
dependent parent	the direct relative in the ascending line of a relevant EU citizen (or of a qualifying British citizen) or of their spouse or civil partner in addition: (a) ‘direct relative in the ascending line’ includes a grandparent or great-grandparent; and (b) ‘spouse or civil partner’ means (as the case may be) the person described in sub-paragraph (a)(i) of the entry for ‘family member of a qualifying British citizen’ or in sub-paragraph (a) of the entry for ‘family member of a relevant EU citizen’ in this table; and (c) the dependence of the direct relative in the ascending line on the relevant EU citizen (or on the qualifying British citizen), or on the qualifying British citizen), or on their spouse or civil partner, is assumed
dependent relative	(a) a relative of their sponsor but not the sponsor’s spouse, civil partner, durable partner, child or dependent parent; and the relative is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, a dependant of the sponsor, a member of their household or in strict need of their personal care on serious health grounds; and (b) the person holds a relevant document as the dependent relative of their sponsor for the period of residence relied upon ‘sponsor’ means here: (a) a relevant EU citizen who has been or is being granted indefinite leave to remain or limited leave to remain under this Appendix (or who would be granted that leave, if they made a valid application under this Appendix); or (b) the spouse or civil partner of such a relevant EU citizen, where the application for that relevant document was made before 1 February 2017
deportation order	as the case may be: (a) an order made under regulation 32(3) of the EEA Regulations; or (b) an order made under section 5(1) of the Immigration Act 1971 (in respect of conduct after the specified date by a relevant EU citizen or other person eligible for leave under this Appendix); or (c) an order made in accordance with section 32(5) of the UK Borders Act 2007 (in respect of conduct after the specified date by a relevant EU citizen or other person eligible for leave under this Appendix)
documented right of permanent residence	the decision-maker is satisfied from the information available to them that: (a) the person has been issued by the Secretary of State with a document certifying permanent residence or a permanent residence card (and that permanent residence card was issued or renewed within the last 10 years) under regulation 19 of the EEA Regulations, or with a residence permit or residence document under the Immigration (European Economic Area) Order 1994 endorsed to show permission to remain in the UK indefinitely; and (b) this document or card is not invalid under regulation 19(4)(c); and (c) this document or card has not been revoked, and its renewal has not been refused, under regulation 24 (except where the revocation or refusal occurred because the person had been absent from the UK for a period of more than two, and no more than five, consecutive years); and (d) the person’s right to reside has not been cancelled under regulation 25
durable partner	(a) the person is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, in a durable relationship with a relevant EU citizen, with the couple having lived together in a relationship akin to a marriage or civil partnership for at least two years (unless there is other significant evidence of the durable relationship); and (b) the person holds a relevant document as the durable partner of the relevant EU citizen for the period of residence relied upon, unless the date of application is after the specified date and the person was resident outside the UK at that date; and (c) it is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, not a durable partnership of convenience; and (d) neither party has, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period had, another durable partner, a spouse or a civil partner with (in any of those circumstances) immigration status in the UK based on that person’s relationship with that party in addition, to meet condition 6 in the table in paragraph EU11 of this Appendix, the above requirements are to be met with reference to the period immediately before the death of the relevant EU citizen rather than to the date of application
educational course	a general educational course, apprenticeship or vocational training course, as provided by regulation 10(7) of the EEA Regulations
EEA Regulations	the Immigration (European Economic Area) Regulations 2016 (as they have effect at the date of application)
EU citizen	a person who is a national of: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Republic of Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain or Sweden
evidence of birth	(a) (in the case of a child) the full birth certificate(s) or other document(s) which the decision-maker is satisfied evidences that the applicant is the direct descendant of (or otherwise a child of) the relevant EU citizen (or of the qualifying British citizen) or of their spouse or civil partner, as described (as the case may be) in sub-paragraph (a)(i) of the entry for ‘family member of a qualifying British citizen’ or in sub-paragraph (a) of the entry for ‘family member of a relevant EU citizen’ in this table; or (b) (in the case of a dependent parent) the full birth certificate(s) or other document(s) which the decision-maker is satisfied evidences that the applicant is the direct relative in the ascending line of the relevant EU citizen (or of the qualifying British citizen) or of their spouse or civil partner, as described in sub-paragraph (a) above
exclusion decision	a direction given by the Secretary of State that a person must be refused entry to the UK on the ground that that person’s presence here would not be conducive to the public good (in respect of conduct after the specified date by a relevant EU citizen or other person eligible for leave under this Appendix)
exclusion order	an order made under regulation 23(5) of the EEA Regulations
family member of a qualifying British citizen	a person who has satisfied the decision-maker, including by the required evidence of family relationship, that: (a) they are (and for the relevant period have been), or (as the case may be) for the relevant period they were: (i) the spouse or civil partner of a qualifying British citizen, and the marriage was contracted or the civil partnership was formed before the specified date; or (ii) the child or dependent parent of a qualifying British citizen; or (iii) the child or dependent parent of the spouse or civil partner of a qualifying British citizen, as described in sub-paragraph (i), above; and (b) they satisfied regulation 9(2) and (4)(a) of the EEA Regulations (as the family member (“F”) to whom those provisions refer) immediately before returning to the UK with the qualifying British citizen (who is to be treated as the British citizen (“BC”) to whom those provisions refer)
family member of a relevant EU citizen	a person who has satisfied the decision-maker, including by the required evidence of family relationship, that they are (and for the relevant period have been), or (as the case may be) for the relevant period (or at the relevant time) they were: (a) the spouse or civil partner of a relevant EU citizen, and: (i) the marriage was contracted or the civil partnership was formed before the specified date; or (ii) the applicant was the durable partner of the relevant EU citizen before the specified date (the definition of ‘durable partner’ in this table being met before that date rather than at the date of application) and the partnership remained durable at the specified date; or (b) the durable partner of a relevant EU citizen, and: (i) the partnership was formed and was durable before the specified date; and (ii) the partnership remains durable at the date of application (or it did so for the relevant period or immediately before the death of the relevant EU citizen); or (c) the child or dependent parent of a relevant EU citizen; or (d) the child or dependent parent of the spouse or civil partner of a relevant EU citizen, as described in sub-paragraph (a), above; or (e) resident in the UK before the specified date as the dependent relative of a relevant EU citizen (or of their spouse or civil partner, where the application for the relevant document referred to in the entry for ‘dependent relative’ in this table was made before 1 February 2017) and that family relationship and the person’s dependency (or, as the case may be, their membership of the household or their strict need for personal care on serious health grounds) existed before the specified date (or, as the case may be, before 1 February 2017)
family member who has retained the right of residence	a person who has satisfied the decision-maker, including by the required evidence of family relationship, that the requirements set out in one of sub-paragraphs (a) to (d), below, are met: (a) the applicant is a non-EU citizen who: (i) was the family member of a relevant EU citizen (or of a qualifying British citizen) and that person died; and (ii) was resident in the UK as the family member of a relevant EU citizen (or of a qualifying British citizen) for a continuous qualifying period of at least a year immediately before the death of that person; or (b) the applicant is an EU citizen or non-EU citizen who: (i) is the child of: (aa) a relevant EU citizen (or of a qualifying British citizen) who has died or of their spouse or civil partner immediately before their death; or (bb) a person who ceased to be a relevant EU citizen (or a qualifying British citizen) on ceasing to reside in the UK or of their spouse or civil partner at that point; and (ii) was attending an educational course in the UK immediately before the relevant EU citizen (or the qualifying British citizen) died or ceased to be a relevant EU citizen (or a qualifying British citizen), and continues to attend such a course; or (c) the applicant is an EU citizen or non-EU citizen who is the parent with custody of a childwho meets the requirements of sub-paragraph (b); or (d) the applicant (“A”) is a non-EU citizen who: (i) ceased to be a family member of a relevant EU citizen (or a qualifying British citizen) on the termination of the marriage or civil partnership of A; for the purposes of this provision, where, after the initiation of the proceedings for that termination, that relevant EU citizen ceased to be a relevant EU citizen (or that qualifying British citizen ceased to be a qualifying British citizen), they will be deemed to have remained a relevant EU citizen (or, as the case may be, a qualifying British citizen) until that termination; and (ii) was resident in the UK at the date of the termination; and (iii) one of the following applies: (aa) prior to the initiation of the proceedings for the termination of the marriage or the civil partnership, the marriage or civil partnership had lasted for at least three years and the parties to the marriage or civil partnership had been resident in the UK for a continuous qualifying period of at least one year during its duration; or (bb) A has custody of a child of the relevant EU citizen (or the qualifying British citizen); or (cc) A has the right of access to a child of the relevant EU citizen (or the qualifying British citizen), where the child is under the age of 18 years and where a court has ordered that such access must take place in the UK; or (dd) the continued right of residence in the UK of A is warranted by particularly difficult circumstances, such as where A or another family member has been a victim of domestic violence or abuse whilst the marriage or civil partnership was subsisting
full birth certificate	a birth certificate recognised in the UK which records the name of the mother and (where registered) the father
immigration status in the UK	indefinite or limited leave to enter or remain in the UK under or outside the Immigration Rules; exemption from immigration control; or the entitlement to reside in the UK or the right of permanent residence in the UK under regulations 13 to 15 of the EEA Regulations
Irish citizen	a person who is an Irish citizen as a matter of Irish law
marriage of convenience civil partnership of convenience durable partnership of convenience	a marriage, civil partnership or durable partnership entered into as a means to circumvent: (a) any criterion the party would have to meet in order to enjoy a right to enter or reside in the UK under the EEA Regulations; or (b) any other provision of UK immigration law or any requirement of the Immigration Rules; or (c) any criterion the party would otherwise have to meet in order to enjoy a right to enter or reside in the UK under EU law
non-EU citizen	a person who is not an EU citizen and is not a British citizen
person who has ceased activity	the person: (a) has terminated activity as a worker or self-employed person in the UK and either reached the age of entitlement to a state pension on terminating that activity or, in the case of a worker, ceased working to take early retirement; and immediately before that termination, was a worker or self-employed person in the UK for at least 12 months and resided in the UK for a continuous qualifying period of more than three years; or (b) stopped being a worker or self-employed person owing to permanent incapacity to work, having resided in the UK for a continuous qualifying period of more than the preceding two years or the incapacity having resulted from an accident at work or an occupational disease that entitles the person to a pension payable in full or in part by an institution in the UK; or (c) resided in the UK for a continuous qualifying period of at least three years as a worker or self-employed person, immediately before becoming a worker or self-employed person in an EU country mentioned in the entry for ‘EU citizen’ in this table, while retaining a place of residence in the UK to which they return, as a rule, at least once a week in addition, the conditions as to length of residence and of employment in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b), above, do not apply where the decision-maker is satisfied, including by the required evidence of family relationship, that the relevant EU citizen is the spouse or civil partner of a British citizen (substituting ‘British citizen’ for ‘relevant EU citizen’ in the entry for, as the case may be, ‘spouse’ or ‘civil partner’ in this table)
qualifying British citizen	a British citizen who: (a) has been or was resident in the UK with the applicant for a continuous qualifying period which corresponds or corresponded with the continuous qualifying period on which the applicant relies; and (b) satisfied regulation 9(2) and (4)(a) of the EEA Regulations (as the British citizen (“BC”) to whom those provisions refer) immediately before returning to the UK with the applicant (who is to be treated as the family member (“F”) to whom those provisions refer)
relevant document	a family permit, registration certificate, residence card, document certifying permanent residence or permanent residence card which: (a) was issued by the UK under the EEA Regulations (and was not subsequently revoked, or fell to be so, because the relationship or dependency had never existed or had ceased); and (b) has not expired or which remained valid for the period of residence relied upon
relevant EU citizen	(a) an EU citizen resident in the UK for a continuous qualifying period which began before the specified date; or (b) an EU citizen who, having been resident in the UK as described in sub-paragraph (a), above, has been or is being granted indefinite leave to remain under this Appendix (or who would be granted that leave, if they made a valid application under this Appendix); or (c) where the applicant is a family member of an EU citizen resident in the UK for a continuous qualifying period who is a relevant naturalised British citizen, a relevant naturalised British citizen resident in the UK for a continuous qualifying period
relevant naturalised British citizen	a relevant EU citizen as described in sub-paragraph (a) of the entry for ‘relevant EU citizen’ in this table, who also: (a) comes within paragraph (b) of the definition of “EEA national” in regulation 2(1) of the EEA Regulations; and (b) meets the criteria contained in regulation 9A(2) or (3) as the dual national (“DN”) to whom those provisions refer
required application process	the relevant on-line application form and the relevant process set out in that form for providing the required proof of identity and nationality

required biometrics	a facial photograph of the applicant (within the meaning of “biometric information” in section 15 of the UK Borders Act 2007) enrolled as part of the required application process
required evidence of family relationship	in the case of: (a) a spouse without a documented right of permanent residence – a relevant document as the spouse of the relevant EU citizen (or of the qualifying British citizen), or a valid document of record of a marriage recognised under the law of England and Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland; (b) a civil partner without a documented right of permanent residence – a relevant document as the civil partner of the relevant EU citizen (or of the qualifying British citizen); a valid civil partnership certificate recognised under the law of England and Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland; or the valid overseas registration document for a same sex relationship which is entitled to be treated as a civil partnership under the Civil Partnership Act 2004; (c) a child without a documented right of permanent residence – a relevant document issued on the basis of the relevant family relationship or their evidence of birth; (d) a dependent parent without a documented right of permanent residence – a relevant document issued on the basis of the relevant family relationship or their evidence of birth; (e) a durable partner: (i) a relevant document as the durable partner of the relevant EU citizen and, unless this confirms the right of permanent residence in the UK under regulation 15 of the EEA Regulations, evidence which satisfies the decision-maker that the durable partnership continues to subsist (or did so for the period of residence relied upon); or (ii) where the applicant is seeking to come to the UK after the specified date, evidence which satisfies the decision-maker that the partnership was formed and was durable before that date and that the partnership remains durable; or (f) a dependent relative – a relevant document as the dependent relative of their sponsor (in the entry for ‘dependent relative’ in this table) and, unless this confirms the right of permanent residence in the UK under regulation 15 of the EEA Regulations, evidence which satisfies the decision-maker that the relationship continues to subsist (or did so for the period of residence relied upon) in addition: (a) where the eligibility requirements to be met for leave to be granted under this Appendix relate to the death of a person, the required evidence of family relationship must include their death certificate or other evidence which the decision-maker is satisfied evidences the death; and (b) where the applicant is a non-EU citizen without a documented right of permanent residence, the required evidence of family relationship must include: (i) the following proof of identity and nationality of (as the case may be) the relevant EU citizen, or the qualifying British citizen, of whom the applicant is a family member: (aa) (in the case of an EU citizen or a qualifying British citizen) their valid passport (and ‘valid’ here and in sub-paragraph (bb) means that the document is genuine and has not expired or been cancelled or invalidated); or (bb) (in the case of an EU citizen) their valid national identity card or confirmation that they have been or are being granted indefinite leave to remain or limited leave to remain under this Appendix; or (cc) (in the case of an Irish citizen) their full birth certificate from Ireland or other official documentation which satisfies the decision-maker of their identity and Irish nationality, unless (in any case) the decision-maker agrees to accept alternative evidence of identity and nationality where the applicant is unable to obtain or produce the required document due to circumstances beyond their control or to compelling practical or compassionate reasons; and (ii) evidence which satisfies the decision-maker that: (aa) where the applicant is a family member of a relevant EU citizen, either that EU citizen was a relevant EU citizen as described in sub-paragraph (a) in the entry for ‘relevant EU citizen’ in this table throughout the continuous qualifying period on which the applicant relies as being a family member of a relevant EU citizen; or that EU citizen is a relevant EU citizen as described in sub-paragraph (b) or (c) in the entry for ‘relevant EU citizen’ in this table; or (bb) where the applicant is a family member of a qualifying British citizen, that British citizen was a qualifying British citizen throughout the continuous qualifying period on which the applicant relies as being a family member of a qualifying British citizen; and (c) where, in order to meet the requirements of this entry, the applicant submits a copy (and not the original) of a document (including by uploading this as part of the required application process), the decision-maker can require the applicant to submit the original document where the decision-maker has reasonable doubt as to the authenticity of the copy submitted
required proof of identity and nationality	(a) (in the case of an EU citizen) their valid passport; or (b) (in the case of a non-EU citizen) their valid specified relevant document in addition, ‘valid’ here means that the document is genuine and has not expired or been cancelled or invalidated
self-employed person	there is evidence which satisfies the decision-maker that the person is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, either: (a) a self-employed person as defined in regulation 4(1) of the EEA Regulations; or (b) a person who is or was no longer in self-employment but who continues or continued to be treated as a self-employed person within the meaning of “qualified person” under regulation 6
specified date	2300 Greenwich Mean Time on 31 December 2020
specified relevant document	within the meaning of ‘relevant document’ in the relevant entry in this table, a residence card or permanent residence card issued on the basis of an application made on or after 6 April 2015
spouse	(a) the person is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, party to a marriage with a relevant EU citizen (or with a qualifying British citizen) and the marriage is recognised under the law of England and Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland; and (b) it is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, not a marriage of convenience; and (c) neither party has, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period had, another spouse, a civil partner or a durable partner with (in any of those circumstances) immigration status in the UK based on that person’s relationship with that party
supervening event	at the date of application: (a) the applicant has been absent from the UK for a period of more than five consecutive years (at any point since they last acquired the right of permanent residence in the UK under regulation 15 of the EEA Regulations, or since they last completed a continuous qualifying period of five years); or (b) any of the following events has occurred, unless it has been set aside or no longer has effect in respect of the person: (i) any decision or order to exclude or remove under regulation 23 or 32 of the EEA Regulations; or (ii) a decision to which regulation 15(4) of the EEA Regulations otherwise refers, unless that decision arose from a previous decision under regulation 24(1); or (iii) an exclusion decision; or (iv) a deportation order, other than under the EEA Regulations
termination of the marriage or civil partnership	the date on which the order finally terminating the marriage or civil partnership is made by a court
valid evidence of their indefinite leave to enter or remain	(a) a valid biometric immigration document (as defined in section 5 of the UK Borders Act 2007), a valid stamp or endorsement in a passport (whether or not the passport has expired) or other valid document issued by the Home Office, confirming that the applicant has indefinite leave to enter or remain in the UK, which has not lapsed or been revoked or invalidated; or (b) the decision-maker is otherwise satisfied from the information available to them that the applicant has indefinite leave to enter or remain in the UK, which has not lapsed or been revoked or invalidated
worker	there is evidence which satisfies the decision-maker that the person is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, either: (a) a worker as defined in regulation 4(1) of the EEA Regulations; or (b) a person who is or was no longer working but who continues or continued to be treated as a worker within the meaning of “qualified person” under regulation 6

Annex 2 – Consideration of a valid application

A2.1. A valid application made under this Appendix will be decided on the basis of:
1. (a) the information and evidence provided by the applicant, including in response to any request for further information or evidence made by the decision-maker; and
2. (b) any other information or evidence made available to the decision-maker (including from other government departments) at the date of decision.

A2.2.(1) For the purposes of deciding whether the applicant meets the eligibility requirements for indefinite leave to remain or for limited leave to remain, the decision-maker may invite the applicant to:
1. (a) provide further information or evidence that they meet those requirements; or
2. (b) attend an interview with the decision-maker.

(2) If the applicant purports to meet the eligibility requirements for indefinite leave to remain or for limited leave to remain on the basis of a relationship with another person (“P”), including where P is a qualifying British citizen, the decision-maker may invite P to:
1. (a) provide information or evidence about their relationship with the applicant, their residence in the UK or, where P is a qualifying British citizen, their residence in an EU country mentioned in the entry for ‘EU citizen’ in the table at Annex 1 to this Appendix; or
2. (b) attend an interview with the decision-maker.

(3) If the applicant or P (as the case may be):
1. (a) fails to provide the information or evidence requested; or
2. (b) on at least two occasions, fails to attend an interview if so invited,
the decision-maker may draw any factual inferences about whether the applicant meets the eligibility requirements for indefinite leave to remain or for limited leave to remain as appear appropriate in the circumstances.

(4) The decision-maker may decide following the drawing of a factual inference under sub-paragraph (3) that the applicant does not meet the eligibility requirements for indefinite leave to remain or for limited leave to remain.

(5) The decision-maker must not decide that the applicant does not meet the eligibility requirements for indefinite leave to remain or for limited leave to remain on the sole basis that the applicant or P failed on at least two occasions to comply with an invitation to attend an interview.

Appendix EU: EU citizens and family members

Purpose

Requirements and procedure

EU2. The applicant will be granted indefinite leave to remain where:
1. · A valid application has been made in accordance with paragraph EU9;
2. · The applicant meets the eligibility requirements for indefinite leave to remain in accordance with paragraph EU11 or EU12; and
3. · The applicant is not to be refused on grounds of suitability in accordance with paragraph EU15 or EU16.

EU3. The applicant will be granted five years’ limited leave to remain where:
1. · A valid application has been made in accordance with paragraph EU9;
2. · The applicant does not meet the eligibility requirements for indefinite leave to remain in accordance with paragraph EU11 or EU12, but meets the eligibility requirements for limited leave to remain in accordance with paragraph EU14; and
3. · The applicant is not to be refused on grounds of suitability in accordance with paragraph EU15 or EU16.

EU4. Where a person has been granted limited leave to remain under this Appendix:
1. · They must continue to meet the eligibility requirements for that leave which they met at the date of application (unless that leave was granted on the basis that they were a child, dependent parent or dependent relative) or meet other eligibility requirements for limited leave to remain in accordance with paragraph EU14; and
2. · They remain able to apply for indefinite leave to remain under this Appendix and will be granted this where the requirements in paragraph EU2 are met.

EU6. A valid application made under this Appendix which does not meet the requirements for indefinite leave to remain or limited leave to remain will be refused.

EU8. Annex 2 applies to the consideration by the decision-maker of a valid application made under this Appendix.

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Valid application

EU9. A valid application has been made under this Appendix where:
1. (a) It has been made in the UK using the required application process;
2. (b) Any required fee has been paid in full in accordance with the required application process;
3. (c) The required proof of identity and nationality has been provided;
4. (d) The required biometrics have been provided.

EU10. An application will be rejected as invalid where it does not meet the requirements in paragraph EU9.

Eligibility for indefinite leave to remain

Persons eligible for indefinite leave to remain as a relevant EU citizen or their family member

Condition	Is met where:
1.	(a) The applicant is (i) a relevant EU citizen, (ii) a family member of a relevant EU citizen or (iii) a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a relevant EU citizen; and (b) The applicant has a documented right of permanent residence; and (c) No supervening event has occurred
2.	(a) The applicant is (i) a relevant EU citizen, (ii) a family member of a relevant EU citizen or (iii) a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a relevant EU citizen; and (b) There is valid evidence of their indefinite leave to enter or remain
3.	(a) The applicant is (i) a relevant EU citizen, (ii) a family member of a relevant EU citizen or (iii) a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a relevant EU citizen; and (b) The applicant has completed a continuous qualifying period of five years in any (or any combination) of those categories; and (c) Since then no supervening event has occurred
4.	(a) The applicant is a relevant EU citizen who is a person who has ceased activity; and (b) Since they did so, no supervening event has occurred
5.	(a) The applicant is a family member of a relevant EU citizen who is a person who has ceased activity; and (b) The relevant EU citizen has been or is being granted indefinite leave to remain under this Appendix (or would be granted that leave, if they made a valid application under this Appendix); and (c) Sub-paragraph (a) was met at the point at which the relevant EU citizen became a person who has ceased activity; and (d) Since the relevant EU citizen became a person who has ceased activity, no supervening event has occurred
6.	(a) The applicant is a family member of a relevant EU citizen who has died and the relevant EU citizen was resident in the UK as a worker or self-employed person at the time of their death; and (b) The relevant EU citizen was resident in the UK for a continuous qualifying period of at least two years before dying, or the death was the result of an accident at work or an occupational disease; and (c) The applicant was resident in the UK with the relevant EU citizen immediately before their death and since then no supervening event has occurred
7.	(a) The applicant is a child under the age of 21 years of a relevant EU citizen, or of theirspouse or civil partner, and either: (i) The marriage was contracted or the civil partnership was formed before the specified date; or (ii) The person who is now their spouse or civil partner was the durable partner of the relevant EU citizen before the specified date (the definition of durable partner in Annex 1 being met before that date rather than at the date of application) and the partnership remained durable at the specified date; and (b) The relevant EU citizen (or, as the case may be, their spouse or civil partner) has been or is being granted indefinite leave to remain under this Appendix (or, in the case of an Irish citizen who has not made a valid application under this Appendix, they would be granted that leave if they made such an application)

Persons eligible for indefinite leave to remain as a family member of a qualifying British citizen

Condition	Is met where:
1.	(a) The applicant is (i) a family member of a qualifying British citizen or (ii) a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a qualifying British citizen; and (b) The applicant has a documented right of permanent residence; and (c) No supervening event has occurred
2.	(a) The applicant is (i) a family member of a qualifying British citizen or (ii) a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a qualifying British citizen; and (b) There is valid evidence of their indefinite leave to enter or remain
3.	(a) The applicant is (i) a family member of a qualifying British citizen or (ii) a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a qualifying British citizen; and (b) The applicant has completed a continuous qualifying period of five years in either (or any combination) of those categories; and (c) The applicant was, for any period of residence as a family member of a qualifying British citizen relied upon under sub-paragraph (b), in the UK lawfully by virtue of regulation 9(1) to (6) of the EEA Regulations (regardless of whether in the UK the qualifying British citizen was a qualified person under regulation 6); and (d) Since completing the continuous qualifying period of five years, no supervening event has occurred
4.	(a) The applicant is a child under the age of 21 years of the spouse or civil partner of the qualifying British citizen (and the marriage or civil partnership was formed before the specified date); and (b) The applicant is in the UK lawfully by virtue of regulation 9(1) to (6) of the EEA Regulations (regardless of whether in the UK the qualifying British citizen is a qualified person under regulation 6); and (c) The spouse or civil partner has been or is being granted indefinite leave to remain under this Appendix

EU13.(1) Where an applicant meets condition 1 in the table in paragraph EU12, the applicant is deemed also to meet condition 1 in the table in paragraph EU11.
1. (2) Where an applicant meets condition 2 in the table in paragraph EU12, the applicant is deemed also to meet condition 2 in the table in paragraph EU11.
2. (3) The reference to the applicant completing a continuous qualifying period of five years:
  1. · In condition 3 in the table in paragraph EU12 can include a period (or combination of periods) during which the applicant was a relevant EU citizen, a family member of a relevant EU citizen or a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a relevant EU citizen before becoming the family member of a qualifying British citizen; and
  2. · In condition 3 in the table in paragraph EU11 can include a period during which the applicant was a family member of a qualifying British citizen or a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a qualifying British citizen before becoming (as the case may be) a relevant EU citizen, a family member of a relevant EU citizen or a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a relevant EU citizen.

Eligibility for limited leave to remain

Condition	Is met where:
1.	(a) The applicant is (i) a relevant EU citizen, (ii) a family member of a relevant EU citizen or (iii) a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a relevant EU citizen; and (b) The applicant is not eligible for indefinite leave to remain under this Appendix solely because they have completed a continuous qualifying period of less than five years
2.	A or B applies:
A.	(a) The applicant is (i) a family member of a qualifying British citizen and is in the UK lawfully by virtue of regulation 9(1) to (6) of the EEA Regulations (regardless of whether in the UK the qualifying British citizen is a qualified person under regulation 6), or (ii) a family member who has retained the right of residence by virtue of a relationship with a qualifying British citizen; and (b) In either case, the applicant is not eligible for indefinite leave to remain under this Appendix solely because they have completed a continuous qualifying period of less than five years
B.	(a) The applicant is a child under the age of 21 years of the spouse or civil partner of the qualifying British citizen (and the marriage or civil partnership was formed before the specified date); and (b) The applicant is in the UK lawfully by virtue of regulation 9(1) to (6) of the EEA Regulations (regardless of whether in the UK the qualifying British citizen is a qualified person under regulation 6); and (c) The spouse or civil partner has been or is being granted limited leave to remain under this Appendix

Suitability

EU15. An application made under this Appendix will be refused on grounds of suitability where any of the following apply at the date of decision:
1. (a) The applicant is subject to a deportation order or to a decision to make a deportation order; or
2. (b) The applicant is subject to an exclusion order or exclusion decision.

EU16. An application made under this Appendix may be refused on grounds of suitability where, at the date of decision, the decision-maker is satisfied that it is proportionate to refuse the application where:
1. (a) In relation to the application and whether or not to the applicant’s knowledge, false or misleading information, representations or documents have been submitted (including false or misleading information submitted to any person to obtain a document used in support of the application); and the information, representation or documentation is material to the decision whether or not to grant the applicant indefinite leave to remain or limited leave to remain under this Appendix; or
2. (b) The applicant is subject to a removal decision under the EEA Regulations on the grounds of their non-exercise or misuse of rights under Directive 2004/38/EC.

Annex 1 – Definitions

Term	Definition
adopted child	a child adopted in accordance with a decision taken by the competent administrative authority or court in the UK or in a country whose adoption orders are recognised by the UK, or in a particular case in which that decision in another country has been recognised in the UK as an adoption
child	(a) the direct descendant under the age of 21 years of a relevant EU citizen (or of a qualifying British citizen) or of their spouse or civil partner; or (b) the direct descendant aged 21 years or over of a relevant EU citizen (or of a qualifying British citizen) or of their spouse or civil partner and dependent on the relevant EU citizen (or on the qualifying British citizen) or on their spouse or civil partner ‘dependent’ means here that: (a) having regard to their financial and social conditions, or health, the applicant cannot, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period could not, meet their essential living needs (in whole or in part) without the financial or other material support of the relevant EU citizen (or of the qualifying British citizen) or of their spouse or civil partner; and (b) such support is, or (as the case may be) was, being provided to the applicant by the relevant EU citizen (or by the qualifying British citizen) or by their spouse or civil partner; and (c) where the applicant was aged 21 years or over when they came to the UK to join the relevant EU citizen or their spouse or civil partner, the need for such support existed in the applicant’s state of origin or in the state from which they came to the UK, but there is no need to determine the reasons for that dependence or for the recourse to that support in addition: (a) ‘child’ includes: (i) an adopted child of; or (ii) a child born through surrogacy (where recognised in UK law) for; or (iii) a child in respect of whom a special guardianship order (within the meaning of section 14A(1) of the Children Act 1989) is in force appointing as their special guardian; or (iv) a child in respect of whom an order has been made under section 5 of the Children Act 1989 appointing as their guardian; or (v) a child subject to a permanence order made under section 80 of the Adoption and Children (Scotland) Act 2007 vesting parental responsibilities and parental rights in a person who is; or (vi) a child who has a guardian appointed under section 7 of the Children (Scotland) Act 1995, or who is living with a person pursuant to an order made under section 11 of that Act, and that guardian or other person is; or (vii) a child in respect of whom an order has been made under Article 159 of the Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995, or in respect of whom an appointment has been made under Article 160 of that Order, appointing as their guardian a person who is, (as the case may be) a relevant EU citizen (or a qualifying British citizen) or their spouse or civil partner, but ‘child’ does not include a child cared for by a relevant EU citizen (or by a qualifying British citizen) or their spouse or civil partner solely by virtue of a formal or informal fostering arrangement; and (b) ‘direct descendant’ also includes a grandchild or great-grandchild, other than for the purpose of meeting condition 7 in the table in paragraph EU11 of this Appendix or condition 2 in the table in paragraph EU12; and (c) ‘spouse or civil partner’ means (as the case may be) the person described in sub-paragraph (a)(i) of the entry for ‘family member of a qualifying British citizen’ or in sub-paragraph (a) of the entry for ‘family member of a relevant EU citizen’ in this table
civil partner	(a) the person is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, in a valid civil partnership (which exists or existed under or by virtue of the Civil Partnership Act 2004); or is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, in a same sex relationship registered overseas which is, or was, entitled to be treated as a civil partnership under that Act, with a relevant EU citizen (or with a qualifying British citizen); and (b) it is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, not a civil partnership of convenience; and (c) neither party has, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period had, another civil partner, a spouse or a durable partner with (in any of those circumstances) immigration status in the UK based on that person’s relationship with that party
continuous qualifying period	a period of residence in the UK: (a) which began before the specified date (or after that date where the person is a family member of a relevant EU citizen and was resident outside the UK at that date); and (b) during which none of the following occurred: (i) absence(s) from the UK which exceeded a total of six months in any 12-month period, except for: (aa) a single period of absence which did not exceed 12 months and was for an important reason (such as pregnancy, childbirth, serious illness, study, vocational training or an overseas posting); or (bb) any period of absence on compulsory military service; or (ii) the person served or is serving a sentence of imprisonment of any length in the UK; or (iii) any of the following, unless it has been set aside or no longer has effect in respect of the person: (aa) any decision or order to exclude or remove under regulation 23 or 32 of the EEA Regulations; or (bb) a decision to which regulation 15(4) of the EEA Regulations otherwise refers, unless that decision arose from a previous decision under regulation 24(1); or (cc) an exclusion decision; or (dd) a deportation order, other than under the EEA Regulations; and (c) (where the period is less than five years) which continues at the date of application
custody of a child	the child normally lives with the applicant or does so part of the time, and includes arrangements agreed informally and those which are subject to a court order for determining with whom the child is to live and when
date of application	the date on which the application is submitted under the required application process
decision-maker	the Secretary of State
dependent parent	the direct relative in the ascending line of a relevant EU citizen (or of a qualifying British citizen) or of their spouse or civil partner in addition: (a) ‘direct relative in the ascending line’ includes a grandparent or great-grandparent; and (b) ‘spouse or civil partner’ means (as the case may be) the person described in sub-paragraph (a)(i) of the entry for ‘family member of a qualifying British citizen’ or in sub-paragraph (a) of the entry for ‘family member of a relevant EU citizen’ in this table; and (c) the dependence of the direct relative in the ascending line on the relevant EU citizen (or on the qualifying British citizen), or on the qualifying British citizen), or on their spouse or civil partner, is assumed
dependent relative	(a) a relative of their sponsor but not the sponsor’s spouse, civil partner, durable partner, child or dependent parent; and the relative is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, a dependant of the sponsor, a member of their household or in strict need of their personal care on serious health grounds; and (b) the person holds a relevant document as the dependent relative of their sponsor for the period of residence relied upon ‘sponsor’ means here: (a) a relevant EU citizen who has been or is being granted indefinite leave to remain or limited leave to remain under this Appendix (or who would be granted that leave, if they made a valid application under this Appendix); or (b) the spouse or civil partner of such a relevant EU citizen, where the application for that relevant document was made before 1 February 2017
deportation order	as the case may be: (a) an order made under regulation 32(3) of the EEA Regulations; or (b) an order made under section 5(1) of the Immigration Act 1971 (in respect of conduct after the specified date by a relevant EU citizen or other person eligible for leave under this Appendix); or (c) an order made in accordance with section 32(5) of the UK Borders Act 2007 (in respect of conduct after the specified date by a relevant EU citizen or other person eligible for leave under this Appendix)
documented right of permanent residence	the decision-maker is satisfied from the information available to them that: (a) the person has been issued by the Secretary of State with a document certifying permanent residence or a permanent residence card (and that permanent residence card was issued or renewed within the last 10 years) under regulation 19 of the EEA Regulations, or with a residence permit or residence document under the Immigration (European Economic Area) Order 1994 endorsed to show permission to remain in the UK indefinitely; and (b) this document or card is not invalid under regulation 19(4)(c); and (c) this document or card has not been revoked, and its renewal has not been refused, under regulation 24 (except where the revocation or refusal occurred because the person had been absent from the UK for a period of more than two, and no more than five, consecutive years); and (d) the person’s right to reside has not been cancelled under regulation 25
durable partner	(a) the person is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, in a durable relationship with a relevant EU citizen, with the couple having lived together in a relationship akin to a marriage or civil partnership for at least two years (unless there is other significant evidence of the durable relationship); and (b) the person holds a relevant document as the durable partner of the relevant EU citizen for the period of residence relied upon, unless the date of application is after the specified date and the person was resident outside the UK at that date; and (c) it is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, not a durable partnership of convenience; and (d) neither party has, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period had, another durable partner, a spouse or a civil partner with (in any of those circumstances) immigration status in the UK based on that person’s relationship with that party in addition, to meet condition 6 in the table in paragraph EU11 of this Appendix, the above requirements are to be met with reference to the period immediately before the death of the relevant EU citizen rather than to the date of application
educational course	a general educational course, apprenticeship or vocational training course, as provided by regulation 10(7) of the EEA Regulations
EEA Regulations	the Immigration (European Economic Area) Regulations 2016 (as they have effect at the date of application)
EU citizen	a person who is a national of: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Republic of Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain or Sweden
evidence of birth	(a) (in the case of a child) the full birth certificate(s) or other document(s) which the decision-maker is satisfied evidences that the applicant is the direct descendant of (or otherwise a child of) the relevant EU citizen (or of the qualifying British citizen) or of their spouse or civil partner, as described (as the case may be) in sub-paragraph (a)(i) of the entry for ‘family member of a qualifying British citizen’ or in sub-paragraph (a) of the entry for ‘family member of a relevant EU citizen’ in this table; or (b) (in the case of a dependent parent) the full birth certificate(s) or other document(s) which the decision-maker is satisfied evidences that the applicant is the direct relative in the ascending line of the relevant EU citizen (or of the qualifying British citizen) or of their spouse or civil partner, as described in sub-paragraph (a) above
exclusion decision	a direction given by the Secretary of State that a person must be refused entry to the UK on the ground that that person’s presence here would not be conducive to the public good (in respect of conduct after the specified date by a relevant EU citizen or other person eligible for leave under this Appendix)
exclusion order	an order made under regulation 23(5) of the EEA Regulations
family member of a qualifying British citizen	a person who has satisfied the decision-maker, including by the required evidence of family relationship, that: (a) they are (and for the relevant period have been), or (as the case may be) for the relevant period they were: (i) the spouse or civil partner of a qualifying British citizen, and the marriage was contracted or the civil partnership was formed before the specified date; or (ii) the child or dependent parent of a qualifying British citizen; or (iii) the child or dependent parent of the spouse or civil partner of a qualifying British citizen, as described in sub-paragraph (i), above; and (b) they satisfied regulation 9(2) and (4)(a) of the EEA Regulations (as the family member (“F”) to whom those provisions refer) immediately before returning to the UK with the qualifying British citizen (who is to be treated as the British citizen (“BC”) to whom those provisions refer)
family member of a relevant EU citizen	a person who has satisfied the decision-maker, including by the required evidence of family relationship, that they are (and for the relevant period have been), or (as the case may be) for the relevant period (or at the relevant time) they were: (a) the spouse or civil partner of a relevant EU citizen, and: (i) the marriage was contracted or the civil partnership was formed before the specified date; or (ii) the applicant was the durable partner of the relevant EU citizen before the specified date (the definition of ‘durable partner’ in this table being met before that date rather than at the date of application) and the partnership remained durable at the specified date; or (b) the durable partner of a relevant EU citizen, and: (i) the partnership was formed and was durable before the specified date; and (ii) the partnership remains durable at the date of application (or it did so for the relevant period or immediately before the death of the relevant EU citizen); or (c) the child or dependent parent of a relevant EU citizen; or (d) the child or dependent parent of the spouse or civil partner of a relevant EU citizen, as described in sub-paragraph (a), above; or (e) resident in the UK before the specified date as the dependent relative of a relevant EU citizen (or of their spouse or civil partner, where the application for the relevant document referred to in the entry for ‘dependent relative’ in this table was made before 1 February 2017) and that family relationship and the person’s dependency (or, as the case may be, their membership of the household or their strict need for personal care on serious health grounds) existed before the specified date (or, as the case may be, before 1 February 2017)
family member who has retained the right of residence	a person who has satisfied the decision-maker, including by the required evidence of family relationship, that the requirements set out in one of sub-paragraphs (a) to (d), below, are met: (a) the applicant is a non-EU citizen who: (i) was the family member of a relevant EU citizen (or of a qualifying British citizen) and that person died; and (ii) was resident in the UK as the family member of a relevant EU citizen (or of a qualifying British citizen) for a continuous qualifying period of at least a year immediately before the death of that person; or (b) the applicant is an EU citizen or non-EU citizen who: (i) is the child of: (aa) a relevant EU citizen (or of a qualifying British citizen) who has died or of their spouse or civil partner immediately before their death; or (bb) a person who ceased to be a relevant EU citizen (or a qualifying British citizen) on ceasing to reside in the UK or of their spouse or civil partner at that point; and (ii) was attending an educational course in the UK immediately before the relevant EU citizen (or the qualifying British citizen) died or ceased to be a relevant EU citizen (or a qualifying British citizen), and continues to attend such a course; or (c) the applicant is an EU citizen or non-EU citizen who is the parent with custody of a childwho meets the requirements of sub-paragraph (b); or (d) the applicant (“A”) is a non-EU citizen who: (i) ceased to be a family member of a relevant EU citizen (or a qualifying British citizen) on the termination of the marriage or civil partnership of A; for the purposes of this provision, where, after the initiation of the proceedings for that termination, that relevant EU citizen ceased to be a relevant EU citizen (or that qualifying British citizen ceased to be a qualifying British citizen), they will be deemed to have remained a relevant EU citizen (or, as the case may be, a qualifying British citizen) until that termination; and (ii) was resident in the UK at the date of the termination; and (iii) one of the following applies: (aa) prior to the initiation of the proceedings for the termination of the marriage or the civil partnership, the marriage or civil partnership had lasted for at least three years and the parties to the marriage or civil partnership had been resident in the UK for a continuous qualifying period of at least one year during its duration; or (bb) A has custody of a child of the relevant EU citizen (or the qualifying British citizen); or (cc) A has the right of access to a child of the relevant EU citizen (or the qualifying British citizen), where the child is under the age of 18 years and where a court has ordered that such access must take place in the UK; or (dd) the continued right of residence in the UK of A is warranted by particularly difficult circumstances, such as where A or another family member has been a victim of domestic violence or abuse whilst the marriage or civil partnership was subsisting
full birth certificate	a birth certificate recognised in the UK which records the name of the mother and (where registered) the father
immigration status in the UK	indefinite or limited leave to enter or remain in the UK under or outside the Immigration Rules; exemption from immigration control; or the entitlement to reside in the UK or the right of permanent residence in the UK under regulations 13 to 15 of the EEA Regulations
Irish citizen	a person who is an Irish citizen as a matter of Irish law
marriage of convenience civil partnership of convenience durable partnership of convenience	a marriage, civil partnership or durable partnership entered into as a means to circumvent: (a) any criterion the party would have to meet in order to enjoy a right to enter or reside in the UK under the EEA Regulations; or (b) any other provision of UK immigration law or any requirement of the Immigration Rules; or (c) any criterion the party would otherwise have to meet in order to enjoy a right to enter or reside in the UK under EU law
non-EU citizen	a person who is not an EU citizen and is not a British citizen
person who has ceased activity	the person: (a) has terminated activity as a worker or self-employed person in the UK and either reached the age of entitlement to a state pension on terminating that activity or, in the case of a worker, ceased working to take early retirement; and immediately before that termination, was a worker or self-employed person in the UK for at least 12 months and resided in the UK for a continuous qualifying period of more than three years; or (b) stopped being a worker or self-employed person owing to permanent incapacity to work, having resided in the UK for a continuous qualifying period of more than the preceding two years or the incapacity having resulted from an accident at work or an occupational disease that entitles the person to a pension payable in full or in part by an institution in the UK; or (c) resided in the UK for a continuous qualifying period of at least three years as a worker or self-employed person, immediately before becoming a worker or self-employed person in an EU country mentioned in the entry for ‘EU citizen’ in this table, while retaining a place of residence in the UK to which they return, as a rule, at least once a week in addition, the conditions as to length of residence and of employment in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b), above, do not apply where the decision-maker is satisfied, including by the required evidence of family relationship, that the relevant EU citizen is the spouse or civil partner of a British citizen (substituting ‘British citizen’ for ‘relevant EU citizen’ in the entry for, as the case may be, ‘spouse’ or ‘civil partner’ in this table)
qualifying British citizen	a British citizen who: (a) has been or was resident in the UK with the applicant for a continuous qualifying period which corresponds or corresponded with the continuous qualifying period on which the applicant relies; and (b) satisfied regulation 9(2) and (4)(a) of the EEA Regulations (as the British citizen (“BC”) to whom those provisions refer) immediately before returning to the UK with the applicant (who is to be treated as the family member (“F”) to whom those provisions refer)
relevant document	a family permit, registration certificate, residence card, document certifying permanent residence or permanent residence card which: (a) was issued by the UK under the EEA Regulations (and was not subsequently revoked, or fell to be so, because the relationship or dependency had never existed or had ceased); and (b) has not expired or which remained valid for the period of residence relied upon
relevant EU citizen	(a) an EU citizen resident in the UK for a continuous qualifying period which began before the specified date; or (b) an EU citizen who, having been resident in the UK as described in sub-paragraph (a), above, has been or is being granted indefinite leave to remain under this Appendix (or who would be granted that leave, if they made a valid application under this Appendix); or (c) where the applicant is a family member of an EU citizen resident in the UK for a continuous qualifying period who is a relevant naturalised British citizen, a relevant naturalised British citizen resident in the UK for a continuous qualifying period
relevant naturalised British citizen	a relevant EU citizen as described in sub-paragraph (a) of the entry for ‘relevant EU citizen’ in this table, who also: (a) comes within paragraph (b) of the definition of “EEA national” in regulation 2(1) of the EEA Regulations; and (b) meets the criteria contained in regulation 9A(2) or (3) as the dual national (“DN”) to whom those provisions refer
required application process	the relevant on-line application form and the relevant process set out in that form for providing the required proof of identity and nationality

required biometrics	a facial photograph of the applicant (within the meaning of “biometric information” in section 15 of the UK Borders Act 2007) enrolled as part of the required application process
required evidence of family relationship	in the case of: (a) a spouse without a documented right of permanent residence – a relevant document as the spouse of the relevant EU citizen (or of the qualifying British citizen), or a valid document of record of a marriage recognised under the law of England and Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland; (b) a civil partner without a documented right of permanent residence – a relevant document as the civil partner of the relevant EU citizen (or of the qualifying British citizen); a valid civil partnership certificate recognised under the law of England and Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland; or the valid overseas registration document for a same sex relationship which is entitled to be treated as a civil partnership under the Civil Partnership Act 2004; (c) a child without a documented right of permanent residence – a relevant document issued on the basis of the relevant family relationship or their evidence of birth; (d) a dependent parent without a documented right of permanent residence – a relevant document issued on the basis of the relevant family relationship or their evidence of birth; (e) a durable partner: (i) a relevant document as the durable partner of the relevant EU citizen and, unless this confirms the right of permanent residence in the UK under regulation 15 of the EEA Regulations, evidence which satisfies the decision-maker that the durable partnership continues to subsist (or did so for the period of residence relied upon); or (ii) where the applicant is seeking to come to the UK after the specified date, evidence which satisfies the decision-maker that the partnership was formed and was durable before that date and that the partnership remains durable; or (f) a dependent relative – a relevant document as the dependent relative of their sponsor (in the entry for ‘dependent relative’ in this table) and, unless this confirms the right of permanent residence in the UK under regulation 15 of the EEA Regulations, evidence which satisfies the decision-maker that the relationship continues to subsist (or did so for the period of residence relied upon) in addition: (a) where the eligibility requirements to be met for leave to be granted under this Appendix relate to the death of a person, the required evidence of family relationship must include their death certificate or other evidence which the decision-maker is satisfied evidences the death; and (b) where the applicant is a non-EU citizen without a documented right of permanent residence, the required evidence of family relationship must include: (i) the following proof of identity and nationality of (as the case may be) the relevant EU citizen, or the qualifying British citizen, of whom the applicant is a family member: (aa) (in the case of an EU citizen or a qualifying British citizen) their valid passport (and ‘valid’ here and in sub-paragraph (bb) means that the document is genuine and has not expired or been cancelled or invalidated); or (bb) (in the case of an EU citizen) their valid national identity card or confirmation that they have been or are being granted indefinite leave to remain or limited leave to remain under this Appendix; or (cc) (in the case of an Irish citizen) their full birth certificate from Ireland or other official documentation which satisfies the decision-maker of their identity and Irish nationality, unless (in any case) the decision-maker agrees to accept alternative evidence of identity and nationality where the applicant is unable to obtain or produce the required document due to circumstances beyond their control or to compelling practical or compassionate reasons; and (ii) evidence which satisfies the decision-maker that: (aa) where the applicant is a family member of a relevant EU citizen, either that EU citizen was a relevant EU citizen as described in sub-paragraph (a) in the entry for ‘relevant EU citizen’ in this table throughout the continuous qualifying period on which the applicant relies as being a family member of a relevant EU citizen; or that EU citizen is a relevant EU citizen as described in sub-paragraph (b) or (c) in the entry for ‘relevant EU citizen’ in this table; or (bb) where the applicant is a family member of a qualifying British citizen, that British citizen was a qualifying British citizen throughout the continuous qualifying period on which the applicant relies as being a family member of a qualifying British citizen; and (c) where, in order to meet the requirements of this entry, the applicant submits a copy (and not the original) of a document (including by uploading this as part of the required application process), the decision-maker can require the applicant to submit the original document where the decision-maker has reasonable doubt as to the authenticity of the copy submitted
required proof of identity and nationality	(a) (in the case of an EU citizen) their valid passport; or (b) (in the case of a non-EU citizen) their valid specified relevant document in addition, ‘valid’ here means that the document is genuine and has not expired or been cancelled or invalidated
self-employed person	there is evidence which satisfies the decision-maker that the person is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, either: (a) a self-employed person as defined in regulation 4(1) of the EEA Regulations; or (b) a person who is or was no longer in self-employment but who continues or continued to be treated as a self-employed person within the meaning of “qualified person” under regulation 6
specified date	2300 Greenwich Mean Time on 31 December 2020
specified relevant document	within the meaning of ‘relevant document’ in the relevant entry in this table, a residence card or permanent residence card issued on the basis of an application made on or after 6 April 2015
spouse	(a) the person is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, party to a marriage with a relevant EU citizen (or with a qualifying British citizen) and the marriage is recognised under the law of England and Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland; and (b) it is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, not a marriage of convenience; and (c) neither party has, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period had, another spouse, a civil partner or a durable partner with (in any of those circumstances) immigration status in the UK based on that person’s relationship with that party
supervening event	at the date of application: (a) the applicant has been absent from the UK for a period of more than five consecutive years (at any point since they last acquired the right of permanent residence in the UK under regulation 15 of the EEA Regulations, or since they last completed a continuous qualifying period of five years); or (b) any of the following events has occurred, unless it has been set aside or no longer has effect in respect of the person: (i) any decision or order to exclude or remove under regulation 23 or 32 of the EEA Regulations; or (ii) a decision to which regulation 15(4) of the EEA Regulations otherwise refers, unless that decision arose from a previous decision under regulation 24(1); or (iii) an exclusion decision; or (iv) a deportation order, other than under the EEA Regulations
termination of the marriage or civil partnership	the date on which the order finally terminating the marriage or civil partnership is made by a court
valid evidence of their indefinite leave to enter or remain	(a) a valid biometric immigration document (as defined in section 5 of the UK Borders Act 2007), a valid stamp or endorsement in a passport (whether or not the passport has expired) or other valid document issued by the Home Office, confirming that the applicant has indefinite leave to enter or remain in the UK, which has not lapsed or been revoked or invalidated; or (b) the decision-maker is otherwise satisfied from the information available to them that the applicant has indefinite leave to enter or remain in the UK, which has not lapsed or been revoked or invalidated
worker	there is evidence which satisfies the decision-maker that the person is, or (as the case may be) for the relevant period was, either: (a) a worker as defined in regulation 4(1) of the EEA Regulations; or (b) a person who is or was no longer working but who continues or continued to be treated as a worker within the meaning of “qualified person” under regulation 6

Annex 2 – Consideration of a valid application

A2.1. A valid application made under this Appendix will be decided on the basis of:
1. (a) the information and evidence provided by the applicant, including in response to any request for further information or evidence made by the decision-maker; and
2. (b) any other information or evidence made available to the decision-maker (including from other government departments) at the date of decision.

A2.2.(1) For the purposes of deciding whether the applicant meets the eligibility requirements for indefinite leave to remain or for limited leave to remain, the decision-maker may invite the applicant to:
1. (a) provide further information or evidence that they meet those requirements; or
2. (b) attend an interview with the decision-maker.

(2) If the applicant purports to meet the eligibility requirements for indefinite leave to remain or for limited leave to remain on the basis of a relationship with another person (“P”), including where P is a qualifying British citizen, the decision-maker may invite P to:
1. (a) provide information or evidence about their relationship with the applicant, their residence in the UK or, where P is a qualifying British citizen, their residence in an EU country mentioned in the entry for ‘EU citizen’ in the table at Annex 1 to this Appendix; or
2. (b) attend an interview with the decision-maker.

(3) If the applicant or P (as the case may be):
1. (a) fails to provide the information or evidence requested; or
2. (b) on at least two occasions, fails to attend an interview if so invited,
the decision-maker may draw any factual inferences about whether the applicant meets the eligibility requirements for indefinite leave to remain or for limited leave to remain as appear appropriate in the circumstances.

1ˢᵗ Citizen Lawyer

1ˢᵗ Citizen Lawyer

Appendix EU

Appendix EU: EU citizens and family members

Purpose

Requirements and procedure

Valid application

Eligibility for indefinite leave to remain

Persons eligible for indefinite leave to remain as a relevant EU citizen or their family member

Persons eligible for indefinite leave to remain as a family member of a qualifying British citizen

Eligibility for limited leave to remain

Suitability

Annex 1 – Definitions

Annex 2 – Consideration of a valid application

Appendix EU: EU citizens and family members

Purpose

Requirements and procedure

Valid application

Eligibility for indefinite leave to remain

Persons eligible for indefinite leave to remain as a relevant EU citizen or their family member

Persons eligible for indefinite leave to remain as a family member of a qualifying British citizen

Eligibility for limited leave to remain

Suitability

Annex 1 – Definitions

Annex 2 – Consideration of a valid application